DISEÑO DE PILOTES DE ACERODISEÑO DE PILOTES DE ACERO

DISEÑO DE PILOTES DE ACERO

Los pilotes de acero son generalmente a base de tubos o perfiles H laminados. Los pilotes de tubo se hincan en el terreno con sus extremos abiertos o cerrados. Las vigas de acero de patín ancho y de sección 1 también se usan. Sin embargo, se prefieren los perfiles H porque los espesores de sus almas y patines son iguales.

En las vigas de patín ancho y de sección 1, los espesores del alma son menores que los espesores de los patines. La tabla D.1 da las dimensiones de algunos pilotes de acero de sección H estándar usados en Estados Unidos. La tabla D.2  muestra secciones de tubo usadas con frecuencia como pilotes. En muchos casos, los tubos se llenan con concreto después de ser hincados.

La capacidad admisible estructural para pilotes de acero es

Con base en consideraciones geotécnicas (una vez determinada la carga de diseño para un pilote), es siempre aconsejable calcular si está dentro del rango admisible definido por la ecuación (9.1).

Cuando es necesario, los pilotes de acero se empalman por medio de soldadura, remaches o tornillos. La figura 9.2a muestra una condición típica de empalme por soldadura en un pilote H. En la figura 9.2b se muestra un típico caso de empalme por soldadura de un pilote tubo y en la figura 9.2c se muestra el empalme por remaches o tornillos de un pilote H.

Cuando se esperan condiciones difíciles de hincado, como a través de grava densa, lutitas y roca blanda, los pilotes de acero se usan adaptados con puntas o zapatas de hincado. Las figuras 9.2d y 9.2e muestran dos tipos de zapatas usadas en pilotes de tubo.

Los pilotes de acero llegan a estar sometidos a corrosión, como en suelos pantanosos, las turbas y otros suelos orgánicos. Los suelos con un pH mayor que 7 no son muy corrosivos. Para compensar el efecto de la corrosión se recomienda considerar un espesor de acero (sobre el área de la sección transversal real de diseño). En muchas circunstancias, los recubrimientos epóxicos, aplicados en la fábrica, sobre los pilotes funcionan satisfactoriamente. Esos recubrimientos no son dañados fácilmente por el hincado del pilote. El recubrimiento con concreto también los protege contra la corrosión en la mayoría de las zonas corrosivas.

Figura 9.2  Pilotres de acero: (a) empalme de pilotes H con soldadura;
(b) emplame de pilotes de tubo con soldadura;
(c) empalme de pilotes H con remaches y tornillos;
(d) punta planta de hincado de pilote de tubo;
(e) punta cónica de hincado de pilote de tubo.
TABLA D.1a  Secciones H comunes en Estados Unidos ( unindades inglesas )
TABLA D.1b Secciones H comunes en Estados Unidos
TABLA D.2 Algunas secciones de tubo para pilotes (unidades inglesas)

 

TABLA D.2b Algunas secciones de tubo para pilotes (uniddes IC)

 

REFERENCIAS

  • – Diseño de pilotes de acero
  • -Diseño estructural de pilotes de acero

https://goo.gl/tP8rJ2

https://goo.gl/SUiN8C

 

ENLACES DE DESCARGA AHI ABAJO

 

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