GUÍA PARA CALCULO DE MATERIALES
¿DE QUE TRATA?
Al realizar un análisis presupuestario de una obra el Ingeniero deberá dar respuesta a dos preguntas básicas. Cuánto costará la obra?, Cuánto tiempo se invertirá en su realización?. Para contestar a ello, el ingeniero deberá separar dos clases de presupuestos:
¿TAL VEZ BUSQUES ESTO?
Presupuesto de costo
Presupuesto de tiempo
Del presupuesto de costos se deducen conclusiones a cerca de rentabilidad, posibilidad y conveniencia de ejecución de la obra. Para ello debe coincidir el presupuesto de costo con el costo real de ejecución.
Esto se logra haciendo análisis minucioso de la toma de datos de los planos, tratando de no omitir ni el
más mínimo detalle porque por pequeño que éste fuera siempre se reflejará al final. De ahí la importancia que tiene el cálculo de Take Off, el cuál consiste en determinar volúmenes y cantidades de materiales pertenecientes a cada una de las etapas que integran la obra .
El presupuesto de tiempo consiste en el cálculo del tiempo de ejecución de la obra, el cuál no abordaremos en la presente guía.
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OBJETIVO GENERAL
Aprender a calcular y analizar TAKE-OFF ( CANTIDADES DE OBRAS )
a través de ésta guía.OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS
Brindar detalles que ayuden a una mejor visualización en la secuencia de etapas y sub-etapas . A través de las especificaciones aquí presentadas sirvan de base para obtener criterios a utilizarse en determinada obra.
Proporcionar catálogos de etapas, mano de obra, equipos, y materiales con la mayor cantidad de información necesaria que incluyan propiedades y usos a fin de analizarlos técnico y económicamente.
ANTECEDENTES
Definición de TAKE-OFF ( Cantidades de Obras )Se denomina Take Off a todas aquellas cantidades de materiales que involucran los costos de una determinada obra, dichas cantidades están medidas en unidades tales como: metros cúbicos, metros lineales, metros cuadrados, quintales, libras, kilogramos y otras unidades. De los cuáles dependerá en gran parte el presupuesto.
Definición de Costos
Es la suma que nos dan los recursos ( materiales ) y el esfuerzo ( mano de obra ) que se hayan empleado en la ejecución de una obra.Los costos se dividen en:
Costos Directos
Son todas aquellas erogaciones o gastos que se tiene que efectuar para construir la obra, tienen la particularidad de que casi siempre éstos se refieren a materiales, mano de obra, maquinaria y equipos que quedan físicamente incorporados a la obra terminada.
Costos Indirectos
Son todas aquellas erogaciones que generalmente se hacen para llevar a cabo la administración de la obra tales gastos incluyen salarios, prestaciones sociales, seguros, gastos administrativos, legales, fianzas, depreciación de vehículos, imprevistos, entre otros.
CONTENIDO
CAPITULO I
- generalidades
introducción
problemática del tema
importancia del tema
objetivos
CAPITULO II
- conceptos básicos
definición de cantidades de obras, costos y
presupuestos
terminología aplicada en la construcción en obras
horizontales
terminología aplicada en la construcción en obras
verticales
definición y descripción del equipo
definición y tipo de materiales
CAPITULO III
- normas y equipos de construcción
- normas de rendimiento de equipos en obras
- horizontales
- porcentajes de desperdicios a emplear en materiales
- capitulo iv: especificaciones generales en obras verticales
- mampostería
- concreto
- tubos y accesorios
- pinturas
- laminas de zinc
- bloques
- ladrillos
- piedra cantera o tobas
- cajas de registro
- formaletas
- losetas
- instalaciones eléctricas
- cielo falso
- acero de refuerzo
- criterio de fundaciones
- tipos de fundaciones
COMPARTE AHORA Y DESCARGA GRATIS AQUÍ ABAJO
COMPARTE AHORA Y DESCARGA GRATIS AQUÍ ABAJO
Excelentes artículos para ingeniería, gracias!
Gracias por sus publicaciones, me son muy útiles
Buena ayuda
Excelente trabajo y gracias por su contribucion
hola me puedes decir como se descarga porfavor
Me podrían indicar como descargar por favor?
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